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compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Sun Apr 10, 2011 1:54 pm
by Sam111
I am trying to compile linux-2.6.38.2 kernel.
What I have done so far is uncompressed the kernel to a folder under my home directory
cd linux-2.6.38.2 directory
ran make oldconfig (which asked me a whole bunch of question I didn't know how to answer so I just pushed entire sometimes n or y)
Then I tried to run make
make gave errors?
I retried running make using make V=1 all to see if I could figure out the problem.
I cann't it looks like an n is being appended to my gcc command or something?
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/home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/linux-2.6.38.2/scripts/gcc-version.sh: line 25: ngcc: command not found
/home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/linux-2.6.38.2/scripts/gcc-version.sh: line 26: ngcc: command not found
/home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/linux-2.6.38.2/arch/x86/Makefile:81: stack protector enabled but no compiler support
make: ngcc: Command not found
rm -f include/config/kernel.release
echo "2.6.38.2$(/bin/bash /home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/linux-2.6.38.2/scripts/setlocalversion /home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/linux-2.6.38.2)" > include/config/kernel.release
set -e; : ' CHK include/linux/version.h'; mkdir -p include/linux/; (echo \#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE 132646; echo '#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))';) < /home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/linux-2.6.38.2/Makefile > include/linux/version.h.tmp; if [ -r include/linux/version.h ] && cmp -s include/linux/version.h include/linux/version.h.tmp; then rm -f include/linux/version.h.tmp; else : ' UPD include/linux/version.h'; mv -f include/linux/version.h.tmp include/linux/version.h; fi
set -e; : ' CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h'; mkdir -p include/generated/; if [ `echo -n "2.6.38.2" | wc -c ` -gt 64 ]; then echo '"2.6.38.2" exceeds 64 characters' >&2; exit 1; fi; (echo \#define UTS_RELEASE \"2.6.38.2\";) < include/config/kernel.release > include/generated/utsrelease.h.tmp; if [ -r include/generated/utsrelease.h ] && cmp -s include/generated/utsrelease.h include/generated/utsrelease.h.tmp; then rm -f include/generated/utsrelease.h.tmp; else : ' UPD include/generated/utsrelease.h'; mv -f include/generated/utsrelease.h.tmp include/generated/utsrelease.h; fi
mkdir -p .tmp_versions ; rm -f .tmp_versions/*
make -f scripts/Makefile.build obj=scripts/basic
(cat /dev/null; ) > scripts/basic/modules.order
rm -f .tmp_quiet_recordmcount
make -f scripts/Makefile.build obj=.
(cat /dev/null; ) > modules.order
mkdir -p kernel/
ngcc -Wp,-MD,kernel/.bounds.s.d -nostdinc -isystem -I/home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/linux-2.6.38.2/arch/x86/include -Iinclude -include include/generated/autoconf.h -D__KERNEL__ -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wno-format-security -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -O2 -msoft-float -mregparm=3 -freg-struct-return -march=i586 -ffreestanding -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -g -pg -D"KBUILD_STR(s)=#s" -D"KBUILD_BASENAME=KBUILD_STR(bounds)" -D"KBUILD_MODNAME=KBUILD_STR(bounds)" -fverbose-asm -S -o kernel/bounds.s kernel/bounds.c
/bin/sh: ngcc: not found
make[1]: *** [kernel/bounds.s] Error 127
make: *** [prepare0] Error 2
I have gcc version installed and compiles/links my programs fine.
Code: Select all
gcc (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 4.4.3
Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
I then tried a different approach
doing make O=/home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/ menuconfig
which got me to a blue screen of options don't know how to proceed on this blue screen.
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xxxx@xxxx-desktop:~/testlinuxkernel/linux-2.6.38.2$ make O=/home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/ menuconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/basic/docproc
GEN /home/xxxx/testlinuxkernel/Makefile
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/mconf.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/mconf
scripts/kconfig/mconf Kconfig
In theory when the configuration stuff is setup I should just beable to type make , make V=1 all , or some variation to get the kernel binary image.
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Sun Apr 10, 2011 1:57 pm
by davidv1992
First of all, this forum is about developing your own kernel, not building someone else's. Your probably better of on a linux related forum. However, you might find usefull information in the linuxfromscratch book and it's website.
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Sun Apr 10, 2011 2:15 pm
by Combuster
Start with deleting everything, extract the kernel fresh, then just type make without screwing it over with things you don't know first. Even a sane linux forum can't help you with an error description that can be summarized with "I did completely random stuff like a toddler and now it broke
Will you come and fix my toy?".
Also, menuconfig has a help option. It exists for a reason: to be actually used.
Edit: Based on the log I have the idea you managed to set your architecture to "n(o)" instead of the more appropriate "i686"
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Sun Apr 10, 2011 2:49 pm
by TylerH
I'm guesing it asked you to type the gcc prefix, and you told it "n."
Try the new config, it's GUI.
EDIT: I just read combuster's post. Oh well, sometimes redundancy helps.
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Sun Apr 10, 2011 10:53 pm
by Solar
You have the option of selecting "?" instead of "Y" or "N" when asked about config settings; usually you get a short description of what the setting is about. Google helps immensely here.
"make menuconfig" is for setting the options in a standard ncurses application, which includes an "exit" button. It doesn't build the kernel, though; you still have to run "make" afterwards.
General advice for working with error messages like that: Fix the topmost error, then retry. In this case, ask yourself why "ngcc" is missing / how it came to be that it's looking for a command of that name. TylerH has a good guess there.
General advice for compiling the Linux kernel: If you don't know what half the options mean, don't. The Linux distributions of today are doing a fine job supplying well-configured, pre-built kernels.
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Tue Apr 12, 2011 1:13 pm
by Sam111
Finally figured it out the kernel is now built.
So know I wanted to use grub to boot it.
I download grub from
ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/
but when I do
./configure
I get
Code: Select all
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no
checking for gcc... gcc
checking for gcc... (cached) gcc
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of executables...
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking dependency style of gcc... (cached) gcc3
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking whether optimization for size works... yes
checking whether gcc has -fno-stack-protector... yes
checking whether -Wundef works... yes
checking whether -falign-loops works... yes
checking for objcopy... objcopy
checking if C symbols get an underscore after compilation... no
checking whether objcopy works for absolute addresses... no
configure: error: GRUB requires a working absolute objcopy; upgrade your binutils
This seems like I need a different objcopy ?
I have
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objcopy --version
GNU objcopy (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.20.1-system.20100303
Copyright 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) any later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.
Don't really want to install a whole new binutils. But I would download different objcopy and set the path temporarily to use it instead if that came be done/is the only issue.
What binutils do I need to get to fix this if I was to do it version 2.20.1 seems not to old?
should be as easy as
./configure
make
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Tue Apr 12, 2011 2:06 pm
by Sam111
Is their any ftp or http site with pre-built grub downloads for ubuntu version 10 .
Because my main objective isn't really trying to build grub just use it to boot the os.
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Tue Apr 12, 2011 4:00 pm
by TylerH
How do you boot your OS now?
EDIT: "your" as in the one you're using.
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Tue Apr 12, 2011 10:22 pm
by Sam111
On ubuntu
using grub.
in the boot/grub folder I have
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915resolution.mod gcry_rmd160.mod part_sun.mod
acpi.mod gcry_seed.mod parttool.lst
affs.mod gcry_serpent.mod parttool.mod
afs_be.mod gcry_sha1.mod password.mod
afs.mod gcry_sha256.mod password_pbkdf2.mod
aout.mod gcry_sha512.mod pbkdf2.mod
ata.mod gcry_tiger.mod pci.mod
ata_pthru.mod gcry_twofish.mod play.mod
at_keyboard.mod gcry_whirlpool.mod png.mod
befs_be.mod gettext.mod probe.mod
befs.mod gfxmenu.mod pxeboot.img
biosdisk.mod gfxterm.mod pxecmd.mod
bitmap.mod gptsync.mod pxe.mod
bitmap_scale.mod grldr.img raid5rec.mod
blocklist.mod grub.cfg raid6rec.mod
boot.img grubenv raid.mod
boot.mod gzio.mod read.mod
bsd.mod halt.mod reboot.mod
bufio.mod handler.lst reiserfs.mod
cat.mod handler.mod relocator.mod
cdboot.img hashsum.mod scsi.mod
chain.mod hdparm.mod search_fs_file.mod
charset.mod hello.mod search_fs_uuid.mod
cmp.mod help.mod search_label.mod
command.lst hexdump.mod search.mod
configfile.mod hfs.mod serial.mod
core.img hfsplus.mod setjmp.mod
cpio.mod iso9660.mod setpci.mod
cpuid.mod jfs.mod sfs.mod
crc.mod jpeg.mod sh.mod
crypto.lst kernel.img sleep.mod
crypto.mod keystatus.mod tar.mod
datehook.mod linux16.mod terminal.lst
date.mod linux.mod terminal.mod
datetime.mod lnxboot.img terminfo.mod
default loadenv.mod test.mod
diskboot.img locale tga.mod
dm_nv.mod loopback.mod trig.mod
drivemap.mod lsmmap.mod true.mod
echo.mod ls.mod udf.mod
efiemu32.o lspci.mod ufs1.mod
efiemu64.o lvm.mod ufs2.mod
efiemu.mod mdraid.mod uhci.mod
elf.mod memdisk.mod usb_keyboard.mod
example_functional_test.mod memrw.mod usb.mod
ext2.mod minicmd.mod usbms.mod
extcmd.mod minix.mod usbtest.mod
fat.mod mmap.mod vbeinfo.mod
font.mod moddep.lst vbe.mod
fshelp.mod msdospart.mod vbetest.mod
fs.lst multiboot2.mod vga.mod
functional_test.mod multiboot.mod vga_text.mod
gcry_arcfour.mod normal.mod video_fb.mod
gcry_blowfish.mod ntfscomp.mod video.lst
gcry_camellia.mod ntfs.mod video.mod
gcry_cast5.mod ohci.mod videotest.mod
gcry_crc.mod part_acorn.mod xfs.mod
gcry_des.mod part_amiga.mod xnu.mod
gcry_md4.mod part_apple.mod xnu_uuid.mod
gcry_md5.mod part_gpt.mod zfsinfo.mod
gcry_rfc2268.mod partmap.lst zfs.mod
gcry_rijndael.mod part_msdos.mod
under boot I have
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config-2.6.32-21-generic System.map-2.6.32-21-generic
grub vmcoreinfo-2.6.32-21-generic
initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic
This is confusing me. Where is the menu.lst it doesn't look like the conventional way I see a lot of sites
instructions of installing grub. Where you copy the stage1 and stage2 files to the MBR ...etc then point to the kernel image in the menu.lst file .
This is why I wanted to build my own copy of grub or get a prebuilt one.
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Tue Apr 12, 2011 11:34 pm
by Sam111
well, I am kind of more familiar with the grub installation procedure what is the equivalent of stage1 and 2...
Other option
I have tried downloading the latest binutils and that still gives me the objcopy error?
So I would really want to know what binutils version I could download temporarily to beable to compile/make these grub folders...
Very damn frustrating I just want to beable to compile/use grub not really wanting to have to learn grub 2.
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Wed Apr 13, 2011 12:43 am
by Solar
OK, back to square one.
What are you trying to accomplish?
I mean, if you're running Ubuntu, you have a working kernel and a working GRUB installation installed automatically. Obviously you're trying to change something, but why?
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Wed Apr 13, 2011 8:30 pm
by Sam111
I don't care what grub I use (I would like to use grub since grub 2 I don't fully understand how to set it up)
To build grub
I execute
./configure
make
But the problem is the objcopy is not absolute ...etc
I have tried downloading a newer version of binutils to fix it but that didn't work.
The reason why I need grub is I have a new harddrive and new thumb drive. That I want to beable to boot the kernel I just compiled.
I have read thru alot of how to configure grub and set it up. Though grub 2 looks like a totally different setup method. normally I would just dd stage1 and stage2 grub files to the MBR... then point the menu.lst to the kernel image
If somebody want to talk me thru grub 2 I would be up for trying that.
I have tried alot of different version of grub on their ftp site but all give me the objcopy error when ./configure is executed.
So if anybody knows how to fix this that would make it so I could compile any grub version I wanted.
I hope you understand the reason I am doing this all I want to beable to boot my homemade os. And I also want the ability to boot from cd , PXE network , thumbdrive ,...etc. All the grub tar files that I downloaded that I couldn't compile had folders with each of these capabilities
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Wed Apr 13, 2011 8:56 pm
by gerryg400
I think there is a bug in the Grub configure script. Have a look in the config.log to see what the actual problem is.
I suspect that the problem is that configure is calling objcopy without removing the .note.gnu.build-id section. I saw a thread about this once but can't find it right now. The closest I can find might be
this one.
Re: compiling the linux-2.6 kernel?
Posted: Fri Apr 15, 2011 1:57 am
by TylerH
Why don't you just install Grub? Ubuntu has a package for that. Or, more advisably, just edit the configuration of the Grub2 you already have.