crash on long jump in memory

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aspens
Posts: 1
Joined: Sun Sep 27, 2020 2:13 am

crash on long jump in memory

Post by aspens »

Greetings
I understand this question has been asked in one way or another before, however I have genuinely searched through probably every single forum post and whatnot about this topic and couldn't find the missing piece of information that I need; I don't know why this crashes and I don't understand why.

At first I wrote a bios simple boot sector successfully and tried to enter protected mode, and I experienced a crash when performing the jump. Realizing my incompetence, I followed an online tutorial seemingly exactly to see what I did wrong but I was met with the same result. I will provide all my code and all information so if anyone wants to help me they have the information.

Boot sect:

Code: Select all

[org 7c00h]

start:
    
    mov     [BOOT_DISK],dl
    
    ;----------
    ;Init stack
    mov     bp,9000h
    mov     sp,bp       
    ;----------
    
    call    readDisk
    jmp     PROGRAM_SPACE

    jmp     $

%include     'C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\disk.asm'

times   510-($-$$) db 0
dw      0aa55h
Moon.asm:

Code: Select all

[org 7e00h]

jmp     enterPm

%include     'C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\gdt.asm'

enterPm:
    cli
    call    enableA20
    lgdt    [gdt_descriptor]
    mov     eax,cr0
    or      eax,1
    mov     cr0,eax
    jmp     codeseg:startPm ; < < < < < Crash on this line of code
    jmp     $

enableA20:
    in      al,92h
    or      al,2
    out     92h,al
    ret

[bits 32]

startPm:
    mov     ax,dataseg
    mov     ds,ax
    mov     ss,ax
    mov     es,ax
    mov     fs,ax
    mov     gs,ax
    
    jmp     $

times 2048-($-$$) db 0
Gdt.asm:

Code: Select all

gdt_nulldesc:
    dd      0
    dd      0
gdt_codedesc:
    dw      0ffffh      ;Limit
    dw      0000h       ;Base,low
    db      00h         ;Base,med
    db      10011010b   ;Flags
    db      11001111b   ;Flags & upper limit
    db      00h         ;Base,high
gdt_datadesc:
    dw      0ffffh
    dw      0000h
    db      00h
    db      10010010b
    db      11001111b
    db      00h

gdt_end:

gdt_descriptor:
    gdt_size:
        db  gdt_end-gdt_nulldesc-1
        db  gdt_nulldesc

codeseg equ gdt_codedesc-gdt_nulldesc
dataseg equ gdt_datadesc-gdt_nulldesc
Disk.asm:

Code: Select all

PROGRAM_SPACE   equ     7e00h

readDisk:
    mov     ah,02h
    mov     bx,PROGRAM_SPACE
    mov     al,4
    mov     dl,[BOOT_DISK]
    mov     ch,00h
    mov     dh,00h
    mov     cl,02h
    
    int     13h
    jnc     doneRdDisk

    ;push    diskRdFailedStr
    ;call    printStr
    jmp     $
    
    doneRdDisk:
        ret

BOOT_DISK:
    db  0

diskRdFailedStr:
    db  'Disk read failed',0
Batch file to compile:

Code: Select all

cd "C:\Users\Elite\Documents\SharpDevelop Projects\AsmEditor\Astro-Editor\AstroEditor\bin\Debug\include"
nasm -f bin "C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\main.asm" -o "C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\bin\Moon.bin"
nasm -f bin "C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\moon.asm" -o "C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\bin\moon_e.bin"
copy /b "C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\bin\Moon.bin"+"C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\bin\moon_e.bin" "C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\bin\moon.flp"
"C:\Program Files\qemu\qemu-system-x86_64w.exe" "C:\Users\Elite\Documents\AstroEditor Projects\Moon\src\bin\moon.flp"
pause
To explain the batch file to compile, it goes into the dir with nasm.exe, compiles the boot sect and extended code, then performs copy /b to them, and finally it runs in qemu, however alternatively I can use bochs after compiling like this

I have debugged this in BOCHS x64 and QEMUx86_64 and was met with the exact same result.
Information retrieved from the BOCHS log:
- A20 line enabled
- CPU is in protected mode (active)
- Hardware reset called after 3 (13) exception with no resolution
- Registers at crash: Eax=60000011,Ebx=00007e00,Ecx=00090002,Edx=0,Esp=00009000,Ebp=esp,Esi=000e0000,Edi=0000ffac,cr0=eax,cr2=0,cr3=0,cr4=0,eip=00007e55

I have aimlessly tried to:
- Change bp/sp in bootsect to various different places in free memory, and 7c00h
- Removed all my functions that use the stack because they are not required for now
- Modifying gdt in various ways
- Many things I can not remember right now

The crash occurs on moon.asm line 15, I have commented following the instruction on the line so it is more clear

Thanks... :?
Octocontrabass
Member
Member
Posts: 5568
Joined: Mon Mar 25, 2013 7:01 pm

Re: crash on long jump in memory

Post by Octocontrabass »

Do you set any of the segment registers while you're in real mode? Keep in mind that every instruction that accesses memory uses at least one of the segment registers.
PeterX
Member
Member
Posts: 590
Joined: Fri Nov 22, 2019 5:46 am

Re: crash on long jump in memory

Post by PeterX »

You have:

Code: Select all

gdt_descriptor:
    gdt_size:
        db  gdt_end-gdt_nulldesc-1
        db  gdt_nulldesc
I think it must be:

Code: Select all

gdt_descriptor:
    gdt_size:
        dw  gdt_end-gdt_nulldesc-1
        dd  gdt_nulldesc
Greetings
Peter
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