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[SOLVED]C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sat Aug 13, 2011 3:22 pm
by mike20123
Hi OS Devolopers and thank you "osdev.org" for providing great infos and tutorials.
I have learned so many things from this web site
I am new here and i need some help
.
Some infos for what i learned from this great web site:-
I learned to make a simple OS (512 byte).
I learned how to use BIOS interrupts such as printing, reading sectors and load them in memory (simple kernel).
I learned how to setup GDT and entering the protected mode (Pmode).
I learned how to print characters in Pmode using assembly.
And i figured out how to install mouse (using assembly) in Pmode (not BIOS).
I was planning to program my kernel in C instead of assembly
Because most tutorials out there are mostly in C and C++,
And another thing is that i have used c++ for game programming (DirectX) kinda low level programming huh!.
So i think i am kinda good in c and c++.
----------------------------------------
Well...here is my problem
I have followed this tutorial in this link
http://wiki.osdev.org/Bare_bones
Everything went just fine (compiling and linking)
But when i boot my kernel in "bochs" and typing "kernel 200+18" in GRUB Command Line it says:
"Error 13: Invalid or unsupported executable format"
I checked the files and the tutorial over and over again and i have searched this forum and FAQs
And i found nothing O_O
Please guys i need help i am stuck in this for a week
Thanks In Advance
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sat Aug 13, 2011 3:57 pm
by Combuster
If you did a forum search, you might have seen the standard replies for diagnosing the problem. One of these is even mentioned on the wiki page itself:
1) your complete set of build instructions
2) the output of mbcheck on your kernel binary
3) the output of i586-elf-objdump -x of your kernel binary
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sat Aug 13, 2011 4:15 pm
by mike20123
well.
Thank you very much for the fast reply
as i said before i have followed the tutorial from the OS dev wiki
http://wiki.osdev.org/Bare_bones
the code for loader.s:-
Code: Select all
global loader ; making entry point visible to linker
extern _kmain ; kmain is defined elsewhere
; setting up the Multiboot header - see GRUB docs for details
MODULEALIGN equ 1<<0 ; align loaded modules on page boundaries
MEMINFO equ 1<<1 ; provide memory map
FLAGS equ MODULEALIGN | MEMINFO ; this is the Multiboot 'flag' field
MAGIC equ 0x1BADB002 ; 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header
CHECKSUM equ -(MAGIC + FLAGS) ; checksum required
section .text
align 4
MultiBootHeader:
dd MAGIC
dd FLAGS
dd CHECKSUM
; reserve initial kernel stack space
STACKSIZE equ 0x4000 ; that's 16k.
loader:
mov esp, stack+STACKSIZE ; set up the stack
push eax ; pass Multiboot magic number
push ebx ; pass Multiboot info structure
call _kmain ; call kernel proper
cli
hang:
hlt ; halt machine should kernel return
jmp hang
section .bss
align 4
stack:
resb STACKSIZE ; reserve 16k stack on a doubleword boundary
code for kernel.c:-
Code: Select all
void kmain( void* mbd, unsigned int magic )
{
if ( magic != 0x2BADB002 )
{
/* Something went not according to specs. Print an error */
/* message and halt, but do *not* rely on the multiboot */
/* data structure. */
}
/* You could either use multiboot.h */
/* (http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot/multiboot.html#multiboot_002eh) */
/* or do your offsets yourself. The following is merely an example. */
char * boot_loader_name =(char*) ((long*)mbd)[16];
/* Print a letter to screen to see everything is working: */
unsigned char *videoram = (unsigned char *) 0xb8000;
videoram[0] = 65; /* character 'A' */
videoram[1] = 0x07; /* forground, background color. */
/* Write your kernel here. */
}
script of linker.ld:-
Code: Select all
ENTRY (loader)
SECTIONS{
. = 0x00100000;
.text :{
*(.text)
}
.rodata ALIGN (0x1000) : {
*(.rodata)
}
.data ALIGN (0x1000) : {
*(.data)
}
.bss : {
sbss = .;
*(COMMON)
*(.bss)
ebss = .;
}
}
the code for "Create_Kernel.bat":-
Code: Select all
nasm -f elf -o loader.o loader.s
gcc -o kernel.o -c kernel.c -Wall -Wextra -nostdlib -nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs
ld -T linker.ld -o kernel.bin loader.o kernel.o
rem Windows, DOS
copy /b stage1+stage2+pad+kernel.bin floppy.img
pause
and i have my project files in
and
again thank you "Combuster"
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 1:04 am
by xenos
Have you checked the sizes of stage1, stage2, pad and kernel.bin? Did you make sure that your kernel really starts at block 200 and that it is 18 blocks large? (Where each block is 512 bytes.) Did you build a cross compiler to generate ELF output or are you using native Windows tools (which won't work because they generate PE files, which GRUB cannot load without additional information).
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 4:12 am
by egos
mike20123, you have PE format.
Code: Select all
Offset(h) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F
00000000 4D 5A 90 00 03 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 MZђ.........яя..
00000010 B8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ё.......@.......
00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 ............Ђ...
00000040 0E 1F BA 0E 00 B4 09 CD 21 B8 01 4C CD 21 54 68 ..є..ґ.Н!ё.LН!Th
00000050 69 73 20 70 72 6F 67 72 61 6D 20 63 61 6E 6E 6F is program canno
00000060 74 20 62 65 20 72 75 6E 20 69 6E 20 44 4F 53 20 t be run in DOS
00000070 6D 6F 64 65 2E 0D 0D 0A 24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 mode....$.......
00000080 50 45 00 00 4C 01 02 00 56 81 45 4E 00 04 00 00 PE..L...VЃEN....
00000090 1D 00 00 00 E0 00 07 03 0B 01 02 15 00 02 00 00 ....а...........
000000A0 00 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 0C 00 D0 FF 00 00 D0 FF .....@....Ря..Ря
000000B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 10 00 00 00 02 00 00 ......@.........
000000C0 04 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
000000D0 44 40 D0 FF 00 02 00 00 BB EA 00 00 03 00 00 00 D@Ря....»к......
000000E0 00 00 20 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 .. .............
000000F0 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000100 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000110 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000120 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000130 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000140 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000150 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000160 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000170 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2E 74 65 78 74 00 00 00 .........text...
00000180 44 00 00 00 00 00 D0 FF 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 D.....Ря........
00000190 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 50 60 ............ .P`
000001A0 2E 62 73 73 00 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 44 00 D0 FF [email protected].Ря
000001B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
000001C0 00 00 00 00 80 00 30 C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ....Ђ.0А........
000001D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
000001E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
000001F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00000200 02 B0 AD 1B 03 00 00 00 FB 4F 52 E4 .. .. .. ..
Try to use flag 0x10000 and five additional fields:
Code: Select all
; --------------------
; Kernel stub for GRUB
; --------------------
MBH_MAGIC equ 0x1BADB002
MBH_FLAGS equ 0x10000
use32
org 0x100000
load_addr:
header_addr:
dd MBH_MAGIC
dd MBH_FLAGS
dd -MBH_MAGIC-MBH_FLAGS
dd header_addr
dd load_addr
dd load_end_addr
dd bss_end_addr
dd entry_addr
entry_addr:
jmp $
load_end_addr:
bss_end_addr:
Or use ELF format.
Also you can try to use FAT instead "Raw FS":
[Solved] kernel.bin->floppy img with GRUB
[SOLVED]: Building floppy.img
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 4:51 am
by mike20123
thank you
egos and
XenOS for your reply.
egos:
can you please tell me how to make gcc create an ELF file
because i want to know if i am wrong or the tutorial in the wiki,
and if the tutorial has some mistakes we should fix them quickly
for other OS devolopers.
because i didn't create those files by my self
loader.s
kernel.c
linker.ld
i just copy the code from the wiki tutorial.
for
XenOS:-
as i said before the files creation has been done by tutorial .
i just followed them carefuly,
and if you check my project files in the attachments
you will see i am using GCC ,LD and NASM.
and guys i don't have that knowldge yet.
i didn't do anything additional to the files i just followed the tutorial in the wiki.
it would be better to fix the code not only for me for other people around the world.
i think if we fix this problem i am going to change the topic of this to "[SOLVED]C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)",
and other people will not be stuck like me for weeks and this problem is in tutorial implementation.
i hope the wiki tutorial doesn't have mistakes.
and thank you guys.
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 5:05 am
by egos
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 5:12 am
by mike20123
i have modified my linker.ld to:-
Code: Select all
ENTRY (_kmain)
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386")
STARTUP(loader.o)
SECTIONS{
. = 0x00100000;
.text :{
*(.text)
}
.rodata ALIGN (0x1000) : {
*(.rodata)
}
.data ALIGN (0x1000) : {
*(.data)
}
.bss : {
sbss = .;
*(COMMON)
*(.bss)
ebss = .;
}
}
but every time i add something i got
ld: cannot perform PE operations on non PE output file 'kernel.bin'.
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 5:25 am
by xenos
The reason is that ld now is supposed to output an ELF file, but the input files generated by gcc and nasm are still in PE format. The best thing to do is using a
GCC Cross-Compiler.
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 5:29 am
by mike20123
hi
i am using "MinGW" Windows platform
is it good enough
?
if not,ca you please give me a download link
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 7:01 am
by xenos
MinGW's compilers will not give you any ELF output. So you either follow egos's advice and include an "aout kludge" in your multiboot header (then it will work with PE files) or you get yourself a cross compiler. There is no download - you need to build one yourself. The instructions are in the wiki:
GCC Cross-Compiler
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 7:49 am
by mike20123
i can't get the GCC binary files and i have to build it by my self.
is it illegal or something?
and please
XenOS
if you could please modify my code files with the right code and post it here so me and others can find it.
and please don't say "do it your self" because i am still new in this field#-o
i have seen so much c kernels in the web are mostly in ELF format
if i my kernel was PE is it okay to run the C code that was compiled and linked to ELF format?
-----------------------------------------------------------------
and thank you "XenOS" for being active in my topic i really appreciate it
i know i have been asking kinda extremely annoying questions.
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 8:01 am
by Haroogan
Hey mike, I'm currently building Cross Compiler under Windows with MinGW, you better start reading similar posts carefully before asking this. Look at my
post. Read all my questions and XenOS's answers there to understand the internals and how things fit together, then you will understand why you need Cross Compiler. If you have troubles building Cross Compiler under Windows with MinGW - ask me there.
Edit:
if you could please modify my code files with the right code and post it here so me and others can find it.
and please don't say "do it your self" because i am still new in this field#-o
lol, mate nobody is gonna do it for you...
You have to do everything by yourself (perhaps with some tips from others), otherwise you will never realize how it works. Sorry, but your request to XenOS looks ridiculous, bold and childish
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 8:19 am
by mike20123
thank you "Haroogan" for your reply
yes i know asking someone to do almost everything for me is kinda bad
but let me tell you something i am not kinda guy who just copy and paste others code with out understanding for what is happening
i just need some help somthing like "kick start"
what do you mean by build gcc cross compiler your self is download the source files and build it using compiler or IDE(visual studio)?
i just want to know one thing
i want to know where does the problem come from ?
is it the code ,linker script or compiler?
Re: C Kernel can't be loaded using GRUB (Error 13)
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2011 8:23 am
by xenos
mike20123 wrote:if you could please modify my code files with the right code and post it here so me and others can find it.
No, you really need to learn how to do this yourself. That's the first step towards OS development.
BTW, it's already in
this post.