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Hello
How can I put a carriage return?

matias_beretta wrote:Hello

Code: Select all

int_33:
   push 0xb800
   pop es
   mov di, [XY]
   mov [es:di], ax
   add ax, 2
   mov [XY], di
   ret

XY:             ;-> OFFSET
   dw 0

How can I put a carriage return?

Well, wouldn't it be better if you break it off into two components...one X, another Y, and just increment Y for the carriage return?

Is there any way of doing it without X and Y variables??????

matias_beretta wrote:Is there any way of doing it without X and Y variables??????

Not exactly sure...don't think so, but I could be wrong.

Why do you want to make this harder than it actually is?

i just wanted to know... thanks

You CAN do it with just one variable, but you would have to calculate the modulus of XY and 160, and then subtract from XY. Modulus is a VERY slow calculation, and I would not recommend it.

I don't understand this of the module.. Can you explain me??

please answer!!!!!

matias_beretta wrote:please answer!!!!!

1) Chill...not everyone is on the boards 24/7...sheesh.
2) It's MODULUS, not MODULE...there's a difference...BIG difference in this case.
3) Modulus is dividing a number, and having the return value being the remainder.
4) Example: 5/4 = 1.25, so the modulus (returned value) will be 25.
5) You're welcome.

Wouldn't 5 mod 4 be 1, not 25...

raevin wrote:4) Example: 5/4 = 1.25, so the modulus (returned value) will be 25.

Wrong. That's the mantissa.

I have a 5 pizzas, with 4 people. How many pizzas do I have left over if everyone gets 1? That's what the remainder is. Remainder == modulus.

Yes, when you are operating in the 0xb8000 vga text memory, each line is 160 bytes long. Your variable XY seems to be the offset from 0xb8000. If you want to know how many lines down you are on the screen, you would do XY / 160, and store the number in a register. In C, the modulus operator is shown as %. It gives the "remainder" after a division operation. So, if the value of XY is 180, then XY / 160 = 1, and XY % 160 = 20. You would be on line #1 (if the top line is called line #0), and you would be at a horizontal offset of 20 on that line. If you wanted to move back to the beginning of the line, you could do: XY - (XY % 160).

On intel clone machines (which you are obviously on), the DIV opcode gives you both the dividend and the remainder (modulus).
but as I said -- the DIV opcode is VERY SLOW. Usually 20 times slower than any other opcode on the machine. You do not want to use it often if you can help it at all.

This code would move your "pointer" back to the beginning of the current line of text. Then if you want to move down a line, add 160.

thanks , this helped me a lot, but remember, my os is just a real mode hobby os... so speed doesn't mind for me

but as I said -- the DIV opcode is VERY SLOW. Usually 20 times slower than any other opcode on the machine. You do not want to use it often if you can help it at all.

only if you have a very old CPU...
on current CPUs all ALU instructions can execute in a single cycle (iirc prescott can execute 8 DIV instructions in a single cycle...)

AFAIK div instructions are pipelined -- that is, you get the result 8 (for example) clock cycles after you begin processing the opcode -- it's just that the CPU can perform 8 of them at the same time, each at a different point in the pipeline process.

Mathematically, division is a "guessing game". It is not as nicely (straightforwardly) deterministic as the other binary operators.