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Hi,

CjMovie, I did what you posted, but still not working.
ld complains: PE operation of non PE file.


What's wrong here?
Please help.

Then try It's a Cygwin system after all.

Hi,

Still, ld not linking, complains PE operation on non PE file.

Have you tried -f gnuwin32? Which ones have you tried? Have you read the help output?

Hi,
I tried these 2 methods:

1)nasmw -f win32 -o start.o start.asm
the above command will result to ld complaining of PE operation on non PE file

2)nasmw -f gnuwin32 -o start.o start.asm
the above command will result to namsw complaining of
unrecognized file output format

Your Cygwin should have nasm (no w). Try that.

nasm is just another name for nasmw iirc (they both exist for backward compatability)

try reading the nasm help file -- it talks about two methods of assembling to PE, depending on which tools your using -- don't remember the details

the nasm help file is online: just google nasm help should find it (its my start page on my development system, but im not on it right now)

nasmw is just another name for nasm, but usually indicates a different kind of build, targeted for native Win32 and therefore lacking support for the output format jason7007 needs.

Hi,
I am using nasmw for windows because my os is windows XP,
is nasm for DOS good for windows xp?

Your OS is effectively Cygwin, so try to use the nasm that comes with it (hint: look in cygwin/bin). It should support the gnuwin32 format. If you don't have it, use Cygwin's setup.exe program to install it.

Hi,
I changed from nasmw to nasm. And nasm.exe is already in cygwin/bin. But to no avail.

The same complain of nasm or the ld.

Your Cygwin-provided NASM does not support gnuwin32? Are you sure you are not using some other executable named nasm.exe?

Hi,
I am 100% sure , I have only one nasm.exe, and that is in Cygwin\bin

Ah, I am sorry for not trying this earlier.

I inferred from your posts that you are using the "stock" tools provided with Cygwin, and not a cross-compiler. These tools are targeted for i386-pe and not aout, as the example in Bran's tutorial is. Here is what you need to do to start.asm and the linker script to make them PE-compatible:

In start.asm, insert the line immediately after In the linker script, change to And use to assemble; use the same command as before to link.

I hope this helps!

Hi Phugoid,

I followed all steps that you posted, but a different problem came up.
Here are the messages from ld

main.o:main.c:(.text+0x9d):undefined reference to '_alloca'
main.o:main.c:(.text+0xa2):undefined reference to '_main'


Thank you anyway for your time.