gcc can't link

[mcheung63]

hi,
my gcc 5.2.0 hi can link to .o but not .a, why?

i586-peter-elf-gcc a.c workspace/PeterI/library/libpeter/libpeter.o <--- this is ok

But this i586-peter-elf-gcc a.c workspace/PeterI/library/libpeter/libpeter.a gives me these

^
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/lib/libc.a(lib_a-peter_stub.o): In function `_read':
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:12: undefined reference to `vfs_fread'
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:22: undefined reference to `getChar'
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/lib/libc.a(lib_a-peter_stub.o): In function `_write':
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:39: undefined reference to `k_outStringToDisplay_len'
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/lib/libc.a(lib_a-peter_stub.o): In function `_open':
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:52: undefined reference to `vfs_fopen'
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/lib/libc.a(lib_a-peter_stub.o): In function `_lseek':
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:34: undefined reference to `vfs_fseek'
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/lib/libc.a(lib_a-peter_stub.o): In function `_close':
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:59: undefined reference to `vfs_fclose'
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/lib/libc.a(lib_a-peter_stub.o): In function `malloc':
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:163: undefined reference to `kmalloc'
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/lib/libc.a(lib_a-peter_stub.o): In function `_malloc_r':
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:167: undefined reference to `kmalloc'
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/lib/libc.a(lib_a-peter_stub.o): In function `free':
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:171: undefined reference to `kfree'
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/lib/libc.a(lib_a-peter_stub.o): In function `_free_r':
/Users/peter/workspace/PeterI/toolchain/build-newlib/i586-peter-elf/newlib/libc/sys/peter/../../../../../../newlib-2.1.0/newlib/libc/sys/peter/peter_stub.c:175: undefined reference to `kfree'


thanks
from Peter ([email protected])

[Combuster]

Start with using -l and -L for library archives

[mcheung63]

Hi, i have -L and -l. Otherwise it prompt me
/toolchain/lib/gcc/i586-peter-elf/5.2.0/../../../../i586-peter-elf/bin/ld: cannot find -lpeter

Any other hints?
thanks

[Combuster]

Any other hints?

Your second post contradicts your first, so I can't trust anything you said at all. Until the problem between keyboard and chair is fixed I can't help.

[mcheung63]

good bye

[rdp]

The problem is that you are are placing the .o and .a files on the command line before any reference to the functions in the .o or .a file is made. It's OK in the case of the .o file, because the linker will link it to your other files no matter what. An archive file (.a) is treated differently: Only object files containiing referenced symbols are pulled in. Since it appears that newlib is referencing your functions, you need to put your .a file after the reference to newlib.

-Rich

[mcheung63]

Hi Mr Rdp, your idea is correct, but changing the order of .a and .o doesnt help. i added --start-group in ld, so ld resolves the nested dependency, thanks