Far jump problem.

[huxuelei]

Hi, I have some question about far jump.here is the code:

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static void init_gdt()
{
   gdt_ptr.limit = (sizeof(gdt_entry_t) * 5) - 1;
   gdt_ptr.base  = (u32int)&gdt_entries;

   gdt_set_gate(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);                // Null segment
   gdt_set_gate(1, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF); // Code segment
   gdt_set_gate(2, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF); // Data segment
   gdt_set_gate(3, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFA, 0xCF); // User mode code segment
   gdt_set_gate(4, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xF2, 0xCF); // User mode data segment

   gdt_flush((u32int)&gdt_ptr);
}

[GLOBAL gdt_flush]    ; Allows the C code to call gdt_flush().

gdt_flush:
   mov eax, [esp+4]  ; Get the pointer to the GDT, passed as a parameter.
   lgdt [eax]        ; Load the new GDT pointer

   mov ax, 0x10      ; 0x10 is the offset in the GDT to our data segment
   mov ds, ax        ; Load all data segment selectors
   mov es, ax
   mov fs, ax
   mov gs, ax
   mov ss, ax
   jmp 0x08:.flush   ; 0x08 is the offset to our code segment: Far jump!
.flush:
   ret 

As the article(http://www.jamesmolloy.co.uk/tutorial_h ... 20IDT.html) say, after gdt_flush, the code will jump to second of the GDT.In the function init_gdt(), the second GDT entry is set like this:

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gdt_set_gate(1, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF); // Code segment

But I don't understand, the second GDT entry do not point to any code segment. It's base address is 0.What will happen at this time?

[milouz]

It simply points to the whole memory.

[midir]

But I don't understand, the second GDT entry do not point to any code segment. It's base address is 0.What will happen at this time?

This is simply what's known as the flat memory model. The base is 0x00000000, the lowest point of addressable memory. The limit is 0xFFFFFFFF, which is 4 gigabytes, giving you the full 32-bit address space to play with.

Modern operating systems seem to find it easier to do things this way, where the segment base and limit don't really get used, so your code is at some offset within this segment (rather than the beginning of it).

A far jump switches code segment and jumps to an offset within it. This is what the line:

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jmp 0x08:.flush

is doing (it's has both a segment and offset). One advantage of the flat model is that pointers (offsets) point to the same place in any segment, since they all have the same base.