Hi! So i managed to write the AHCI driver, and now when my driver trying to read the first sector of disk the ci is keeps set to 1. I tested to run this driver on real hardware since i know that it doesn't corrupt anything, and i noticed that the hard drive activity LED is starts active when the driver trying to read the sector and never go off. I think that i miss something or misunderstud about something in AHCI, i tried to debug it by myself, but no results, still the same. Here is my code:
#include <output.h>
#include <debug.h>
#include <pci/driver.h> // PCI
#include <pci/registry.h>
#include <mm/alloc.h>
#include <arch/mmu.h>
#include <arch.h>
#define HBA_PxIS_TFES (1 << 30)
#define ATA_CMD_READ_DMA_EX 0x25
#define ATA_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EX 0x35
#define HBA_PxCMD_CR (1 << 15)
#define HBA_PxCMD_FR (1 << 14)
#define HBA_PxCMD_FRE (1 << 4)
#define HBA_PxCMD_SUD (1 << 1)
#define HBA_PxCMD_ST (1 << 0)
#define ATA_DEV_BUSY 0x80
#define ATA_DEV_DRQ 0x08
__attribute__((section(".modname"))) char *name = "ahci";
static int ctrl_id = 0;
typedef enum
{
FIS_TYPE_REG_H2D = 0x27, // Register FIS - host to device
FIS_TYPE_REG_D2H = 0x34, // Register FIS - device to host
FIS_TYPE_DMA_ACT = 0x39, // DMA activate FIS - device to host
FIS_TYPE_DMA_SETUP = 0x41, // DMA setup FIS - bidirectional
FIS_TYPE_DATA = 0x46, // Data FIS - bidirectional
FIS_TYPE_BIST = 0x58, // BIST activate FIS - bidirectional
FIS_TYPE_PIO_SETUP = 0x5F, // PIO setup FIS - device to host
FIS_TYPE_DEV_BITS = 0xA1, // Set device bits FIS - device to host
} FIS_TYPE;
typedef struct tagFIS_REG_H2D
{
// int32_t 0
uint8_t fis_type; // FIS_TYPE_REG_H2D
uint8_t pmport:4; // Port multiplier
uint8_t rsv0:3; // Reserved
uint8_t c:1; // 1: Command, 0: Control
uint8_t command; // Command register
uint8_t featurel; // Feature register, 7:0
// int32_t 1
uint8_t lba0; // LBA low register, 7:0
uint8_t lba1; // LBA mid register, 15:8
uint8_t lba2; // LBA high register, 23:16
uint8_t device; // Device register
// int32_t 2
uint8_t lba3; // LBA register, 31:24
uint8_t lba4; // LBA register, 39:32
uint8_t lba5; // LBA register, 47:40
uint8_t featureh; // Feature register, 15:8
// int32_t 3
uint8_t countl; // Count register, 7:0
uint8_t counth; // Count register, 15:8
uint8_t icc; // Isochronous command completion
uint8_t control; // Control register
// int32_t 4
uint8_t rsv1[4]; // Reserved
} FIS_REG_H2D;
typedef struct tagFIS_REG_D2H
{
// int32_t 0
uint8_t fis_type; // FIS_TYPE_REG_D2H
uint8_t pmport:4; // Port multiplier
uint8_t rsv0:2; // Reserved
uint8_t i:1; // Interrupt bit
uint8_t rsv1:1; // Reserved
uint8_t status; // Status register
uint8_t error; // Error register
// int32_t 1
uint8_t lba0; // LBA low register, 7:0
uint8_t lba1; // LBA mid register, 15:8
uint8_t lba2; // LBA high register, 23:16
uint8_t device; // Device register
// int32_t 2
uint8_t lba3; // LBA register, 31:24
uint8_t lba4; // LBA register, 39:32
uint8_t lba5; // LBA register, 47:40
uint8_t rsv2; // Reserved
// int32_t 3
uint8_t countl; // Count register, 7:0
uint8_t counth; // Count register, 15:8
uint8_t rsv3[2]; // Reserved
// int32_t 4
uint8_t rsv4[4]; // Reserved
} FIS_REG_D2H;
typedef struct tagFIS_DATA
{
// int32_t 0
uint8_t fis_type; // FIS_TYPE_DATA
uint8_t pmport:4; // Port multiplier
uint8_t rsv0:4; // Reserved
uint8_t rsv1[2]; // Reserved
// int32_t 1 ~ N
uint32_t data[1]; // Payload
} FIS_DATA;
typedef volatile struct tagHBA_PORT
{
uint32_t clb; // 0x00, command list base address, 1K-byte aligned
uint32_t clbu; // 0x04, command list base address upper 32 bits
uint32_t fb; // 0x08, FIS base address, 256-byte aligned
uint32_t fbu; // 0x0C, FIS base address upper 32 bits
uint32_t is; // 0x10, interrupt status
uint32_t ie; // 0x14, interrupt enable
uint32_t cmd; // 0x18, command and status
uint32_t rsv0; // 0x1C, Reserved
uint32_t tfd; // 0x20, task file data
uint32_t sig; // 0x24, signature
uint32_t ssts; // 0x28, SATA status (SCR0:SStatus)
uint32_t sctl; // 0x2C, SATA control (SCR2:SControl)
uint32_t serr; // 0x30, SATA error (SCR1:SError)
uint32_t sact; // 0x34, SATA active (SCR3:SActive)
uint32_t ci; // 0x38, command issue
uint32_t sntf; // 0x3C, SATA notification (SCR4:SNotification)
uint32_t fbs; // 0x40, FIS-based switch control
uint32_t rsv1[11]; // 0x44 ~ 0x6F, Reserved
uint32_t vendor[4]; // 0x70 ~ 0x7F, vendor specific
} HBA_PORT;
typedef volatile struct tagHBA_MEM
{
// 0x00 - 0x2B, Generic Host Control
uint32_t cap; // 0x00, Host capability
uint32_t ghc; // 0x04, Global host control
uint32_t is; // 0x08, Interrupt status
uint32_t pi; // 0x0C, Port implemented
uint32_t vs; // 0x10, Version
uint32_t ccc_ctl; // 0x14, Command completion coalescing control
uint32_t ccc_pts; // 0x18, Command completion coalescing ports
uint32_t em_loc; // 0x1C, Enclosure management location
uint32_t em_ctl; // 0x20, Enclosure management control
uint32_t cap2; // 0x24, Host capabilities extended
uint32_t bohc; // 0x28, BIOS/OS handoff control and status
// 0x2C - 0x9F, Reserved
uint8_t rsv[0xA0-0x2C];
// 0xA0 - 0xFF, Vendor specific registers
uint8_t vendor[0x100-0xA0];
// 0x100 - 0x10FF, Port control registers
HBA_PORT ports[1]; // 1 ~ 32
} HBA_MEM;
typedef struct tagHBA_PRDT_ENTRY
{
uint32_t dba; // Data base address
uint32_t dbau; // Data base address upper 32 bits
uint32_t rsv0; // Reserved
// DW3
uint32_t dbc:22; // Byte count, 4M max
uint32_t rsv1:9; // Reserved
uint32_t i:1; // Interrupt on completion
} HBA_PRDT_ENTRY;
typedef struct tagHBA_CMD_TBL
{
// 0x00
uint8_t cfis[64]; // Command FIS
// 0x40
uint8_t acmd[16]; // ATAPI command, 12 or 16 bytes
// 0x50
uint8_t rsv[48]; // Reserved
// 0x80
HBA_PRDT_ENTRY prdt_entry[1]; // Physical region descriptor table entries, 0 ~ 65535
} HBA_CMD_TBL;
typedef struct tagHBA_CMD_HEADER
{
// DW0
uint8_t cfl:5; // Command FIS length in DWORDS, 2 ~ 16
uint8_t a:1; // ATAPI
uint8_t w:1; // Write, 1: H2D, 0: D2H
uint8_t p:1; // Prefetchable
uint8_t r:1; // Reset
uint8_t b:1; // BIST
uint8_t c:1; // Clear busy upon R_OK
uint8_t rsv0:1; // Reserved
uint8_t pmp:4; // Port multiplier port
uint16_t prdtl; // Physical region descriptor table length in entries
// DW1
volatile
uint32_t prdbc; // Physical region descriptor byte count transferred
// DW2, 3
uint32_t ctba; // Command table descriptor base address
uint32_t ctbau; // Command table descriptor base address upper 32 bits
// DW4 - 7
uint32_t rsv1[4]; // Reserved
} __attribute__((packed)) HBA_CMD_HEADER;
struct sata_info {
void *clb;
void *fb;
void *ctba[32];
HBA_PORT *port;
HBA_MEM *abar;
};
#define SATA_SIG_ATA 0x00000101 // SATA drive
#define SATA_SIG_ATAPI 0xEB140101 // SATAPI drive
#define SATA_SIG_SEMB 0xC33C0101 // Enclosure management bridge
#define SATA_SIG_PM 0x96690101 // Port multiplier
#define AHCI_DEV_NULL 0
#define AHCI_DEV_SATA 1
#define AHCI_DEV_SATAPI 4
#define AHCI_DEV_SEMB 2
#define AHCI_DEV_PM 3
#define HBA_PORT_DET_PRESENT 3
#define HBA_PORT_IPM_ACTIVE 1
static HBA_MEM *ctrl_data;
static PciBar *bar;
static int find_cmdslot(HBA_PORT *port,HBA_MEM *abar);
static uint8_t read_sata(struct sata_info *pdata, uint32_t startl, uint32_t starth, uint32_t count,char *buf);
static void PciVisit(unsigned int bus, unsigned int dev, unsigned int func)
{
unsigned int id = PCI_MAKE_ID(bus, dev, func);
PciDeviceInfo info;
info.vendorId = PciRead16(id, PCI_CONFIG_VENDOR_ID);
if (info.vendorId == 0xffff)
{
return;
}
info.deviceId = PciRead16(id, PCI_CONFIG_DEVICE_ID);
info.progIntf = PciRead8(id, PCI_CONFIG_PROG_INTF);
info.subclass = PciRead8(id, PCI_CONFIG_SUBCLASS);
info.classCode = PciRead8(id, PCI_CONFIG_CLASS_CODE);
if (((info.classCode << 8) | info.subclass) == PCI_STORAGE_SATA) {
kprintf("found\r\n");
int addr = PciRead32(id,PCI_CONFIG_BAR5);
PciWrite16(id,PCI_CONFIG_COMMAND,PciRead16(id,PCI_CONFIG_COMMAND) | 0x0002 | 0x0004);
ctrl_data = (HBA_MEM *)(addr & ~0xf);
// Map the space
int pages = (sizeof(HBA_MEM))+1;
for (int page = 0; page < pages; page++) {
int align = page*4096;
arch_mmu_mapPage(NULL,addr+align,addr+align,7);
}
ctrl_id = id;
kprintf("AHCI controller PCI dump: \n");
PciBar *ba = kmalloc(sizeof(PciBar));
memset(ba,0,sizeof(PciBar));
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
PciGetBar(ba,id,i);
kprintf("BAR%d dump: \n",i);
kprintf("Address 0x%x\n",ba->u.address);
kprintf("Size: 0x%x\n",ba->size);
kprintf("Flags: 0x%x\n",ba->flags);
}
}
}
static int check_type(HBA_PORT *port) {
uint16_t ssts = port->ssts;
uint8_t ipm = (ssts >> 8) & 0x0F;
uint8_t det = ssts & 0x0F;
if (det != HBA_PORT_DET_PRESENT) {
return AHCI_DEV_NULL;
}
if (ipm != HBA_PORT_IPM_ACTIVE) {
return AHCI_DEV_NULL;
}
switch(port->sig) {
case SATA_SIG_ATAPI:
return AHCI_DEV_SATAPI;
case SATA_SIG_SEMB:
return AHCI_DEV_SEMB;
case SATA_SIG_PM:
return AHCI_DEV_PM;
default:
return AHCI_DEV_SATA;
}
return 0;
}
void start_cmd(HBA_PORT *port)
{
// Set FRE (bit4) and ST (bit0)
// Wait until CR (bit15) is cleared
while (port->cmd & HBA_PxCMD_CR)
;
port->cmd |= HBA_PxCMD_FRE;
port->cmd |= HBA_PxCMD_ST;
}
// Stop command engine
void stop_cmd(HBA_PORT *port)
{
// Clear ST (bit0)
port->cmd &= ~HBA_PxCMD_ST;
port->cmd &= ~HBA_PxCMD_FRE;
// Wait until FR (bit14), CR (bit15) are cleared
while(1)
{
//printk("cmd: %d\n", port->cmd);
if (port->cmd & HBA_PxCMD_FR)
continue;
if (port->cmd & HBA_PxCMD_CR)
continue;
break;
}
}
// Our hell begins here
static void rebase_port(HBA_PORT *port, int portno,struct sata_info *info) {
kprintf("ahci: %s: entered\n",__func__);
info->abar->ghc = (uint32_t ) (1 << 31);
info->abar->ghc = (uint32_t ) (1 << 0);
info->abar->ghc = (uint32_t) (1 << 31);
info->abar->ghc = (uint32_t) (1 << 1);
stop_cmd(port);
port->cmd = port->cmd & 0xffff7fff; //Bit 15
port->cmd = port->cmd & 0xffffbfff; //Bit 14
port->cmd = port->cmd & 0xfffffffe; //Bit 0
port->cmd = port->cmd & 0xfffffff7; //Bit 4
void *mapped_clb = kmalloc(4096);
memset(mapped_clb,0,4096);
port->clb = arch_mmu_getPhysical(mapped_clb);
port->clbu = 0;
info->clb = mapped_clb;
void *mapped_fb = kmalloc(4096);
memset(mapped_fb,0,4096);
port->fb = arch_mmu_getPhysical(mapped_fb);
port->fbu = 0;
info->fb = mapped_fb;
port->serr = 1; //For each implemented port, clear the PxSERR register, by writing 1 to each implemented location
port->is = 0; //
port->ie = 1;
kprintf("ahci: %s: writing something to cmdheader\n",__func__);
HBA_CMD_HEADER *cmdheader = (HBA_CMD_HEADER*)(mapped_clb);
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
cmdheader[i].prdtl = 8;
void *ctba_buf = kmalloc(4096);
memset(ctba_buf,0,4096);
info->ctba[i] = ctba_buf;
cmdheader[i].ctba = arch_mmu_getPhysical(ctba_buf);
cmdheader[i].ctbau = 0;
}
info->port = port;
while(port->cmd & HBA_PxCMD_CR);
start_cmd(port);
port->is = 0;
port->ie = 0xffffffff;
kprintf("Port %d rebase done\n",portno);
}
static void module_main() {
kprintf("Finding AHCI controller in PCI base...");
void *a = arch_mmu_getAspace();
arch_mmu_switch(arch_mmu_getKernelSpace());
// Scan each BUS to find the SATA controller
for (unsigned int bus = 0; bus < 256; ++bus)
{
for (unsigned int dev = 0; dev < 32; ++dev)
{
unsigned int baseId = PCI_MAKE_ID(bus, dev, 0);
uint8_t headerType = PciRead8(baseId, PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_TYPE);
unsigned int funcCount = headerType & PCI_TYPE_MULTIFUNC ? 8 : 1;
for (unsigned int func = 0; func < funcCount; ++func)
{
PciVisit(bus, dev, func);
}
}
}
if (ctrl_id == 0) {
kprintf("not found\r\n");
return;
}
int pi = ctrl_data->pi;
int i =0;
struct sata_info *sata = NULL;
if (!(ctrl_data->bohc & 2)) {
//kprintf("Requesting ownership for port %d\r\n",i);
ctrl_data->bohc = (ctrl_data->bohc &~8) | 2;
int endtime = clock_getUptimeMsec()+100;
while((ctrl_data->bohc & 1) && clock_getUptimeMsec() < endtime);
if ((ctrl_data->bohc & 1)) {
//kprintf("BIOS! It's MY drive, i'll get it force!\r\n");
ctrl_data->bohc = 2;
ctrl_data->bohc |= 8;
} else {
//kprintf("Thank you, BIOS for the permission!\r\n");
}
} else {
kprintf("Oh! The firmware is automatically switch the drive into OS mode, i like this!\r\n");
}
if (!(ctrl_data->ghc & 0x80000000)) {
kprintf("Switching AHCI to AHCI mode\n");
}
arch_sti();
while(i < 32) {
if (pi & 1) {
HBA_PORT* port = (HBA_PORT*)&ctrl_data->ports[i];
int type = check_type(port);
if (type == AHCI_DEV_SATA) {
kprintf("Found hard drive on port %d\r\n",i);
kprintf("Port CLB: 0x%x, CLBU: 0x%x\r\n",port->clb,port->clbu);
sata = kmalloc(sizeof(struct sata_info *));
memset(sata,0,sizeof(struct sata_info *));
kprintf("Rebasing port\n");
sata->abar = ctrl_data;
rebase_port(port,i,sata);
} else if (type == AHCI_DEV_SATAPI) {
kprintf("Found CDROM drive on port %d\r\n",i);
} else {
pi >>= 1;
i++;
continue;
}
if (type == AHCI_DEV_SATA) {
kprintf("Reading first sector\n");
char *sector = kmalloc(512);
int ret = read_sata(sata,0,0,1,sector);
kprintf("Readed, return of read_sata: %d\n",ret);
kfree(sector);
}
}
pi >>= 1;
i++;
}
arch_mmu_switch(a);
kprintf("AHCI driver done\n");
}
static int find_cmdslot(HBA_PORT *port,HBA_MEM *abar) {
uint32_t slots = (port->sact | port->ci);
int cmdslots = (abar -> cap & 0x0f00) >> 8;
for (int i=0; i<cmdslots; i++)
{
if ((slots&1) == 0)
return i;
slots >>= 1;
}
return -1;
}
static uint8_t read_sata(struct sata_info *pdata, uint32_t startl, uint32_t starth, uint32_t count,char *buf) {
pdata->port->is = (uint32_t) -1;
int spin = 0; // Spin lock timeout counter
int slot = find_cmdslot(pdata->port,pdata->abar);
//uint64_t buf_phys = (uint64_t)buf - KERN_VMBASE;
uint64_t buf_phys = arch_mmu_getPhysical(buf);
//printf("%x\n", buf_phys);
if (slot == -1)
return 0;
//HBA_CMD_HEADER *cmdheader = (HBA_CMD_HEADER*) (KERN_VMBASE + port->clb);
HBA_CMD_HEADER* cmdheader = (HBA_CMD_HEADER*) pdata->clb;
cmdheader += slot;
cmdheader->cfl = sizeof(FIS_REG_H2D)/sizeof(uint32_t); // Command FIS size
cmdheader->w = 0; // Read device
cmdheader->prdtl = (uint16_t)((count-1)>>4) + 1; // PRDT entries count
HBA_CMD_TBL *cmdtbl = (HBA_CMD_TBL*) pdata->ctba[slot];
//HBA_CMD_TBL *cmdtbl = (HBA_CMD_TBL*)(KERN_VMBASE + cmdheader->ctba);
//memset(cmdtbl, 0, sizeof(HBA_CMD_TBL) +
// (cmdheader->prdtl-1)*sizeof(HBA_PRDT_ENTRY));
int i;
// 8K bytes (16 sectors) per PRDT
for (i=0; i<cmdheader->prdtl-1; i++)
{
cmdtbl->prdt_entry[i].dba = (uint32_t)buf_phys;
//cmdtbl->prdt_entry[i].dbau = (uint32_t) ( ( (buf_phys) >> 32) & 0xffffffff);
cmdtbl->prdt_entry[i].dbc = 8*1024; // 8K bytes
cmdtbl->prdt_entry[i].i = 1;
buf += 4*1024; // 4K words
count -= 16; // 16 sectors
}
// Last entry
cmdtbl->prdt_entry[i].dba = (uint32_t) (buf_phys & 0xffffffff);
//cmdtbl->prdt_entry[i].dbau = (uint32_t) ( (buf_phys >> 32) & 0xffffffff);
kprintf("dba & dbau: 0x%x 0x%x\n", cmdtbl ->prdt_entry[i].dba, cmdtbl -> prdt_entry[i].dbau);
cmdtbl->prdt_entry[i].dbc = count<<9; // 512 bytes per sector
cmdtbl->prdt_entry[i].i = 1;
// Setup command
FIS_REG_H2D *cmdfis = (FIS_REG_H2D*)(&cmdtbl->cfis);
cmdfis->fis_type = FIS_TYPE_REG_H2D;
cmdfis->c = 1; // Command
cmdfis->command = ATA_CMD_READ_DMA_EX;
cmdfis->lba0 = (uint8_t)startl;
cmdfis->lba1 = (uint8_t)(startl>>8);
cmdfis->lba2 = (uint8_t)(startl>>16);
cmdfis->device = 1<<6; // LBA mode
cmdfis->lba3 = (uint8_t)(startl>>24);
cmdfis->lba4 = (uint8_t)starth;
cmdfis->lba5 = (uint8_t)(starth>>8);
cmdfis->countl = (count & 0xff);
cmdfis->counth = (count >> 8);
// The below loop waits until the port is no longer busy before issuing a new command
kprintf("Waiting for port is not longer be a busy");
while ((pdata->port->tfd & (ATA_DEV_BUSY | ATA_DEV_DRQ)) && spin < 1000000)
{
spin++;
}
if (spin == 1000000)
{
//printk("Port is hung\n");
return 0;
}
kprintf("ok. Issue command...");
pdata->port->ci = 1; // Issue command
kprintf("ok\n");
kprintf("PORT INFO: %x %d %d\n", pdata->port, pdata->port->ci, pdata->port->tfd);
kprintf("Slot: %d, ci: %d, mask: %d\n",slot,pdata->port->ci,1<<slot);
// Wait for completion
while (1)
{
//kprintf("Reading disk...\n");
// In some longer duration reads, it may be helpful to spin on the DPS bit
// in the PxIS port field as well (1 << 5)
//kprintf("value: %d\n", (pdata->port -> ci & (1<<slot) ) );
if ((pdata->port->ci & (1<<slot)) == 0)
break;
if (pdata->port->is & HBA_PxIS_TFES) // Task file error
{
//printk("Read disk error\n");
return 0;
}
//kprintf("IS: %d\n",pdata->port->is);
}
// Check again
if (pdata->port->is & HBA_PxIS_TFES)
{
//printk("Read disk error\n");
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
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